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The term that describes an individual who is excessively preoccupied with health concerns that are not substantiated by physical symptoms is hypochondriasis. This psychological condition involves a heightened sensitivity to bodily sensations and an irrational fear of serious illness, often leading to frequent medical consultations and excessive worry about health despite reassurance from healthcare professionals.

This distinction is important for understanding the nature of hypochondriasis, as those affected are not merely anxious about their health; instead, they interpret normal bodily functions or minor ailments as significant indicators of serious medical problems. This behavior can lead to significant distress and impairment in functioning, as the person's life becomes dominated by their health fears.

In contrast, somatization disorder involves the presence of physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical conditions, typically associated with psychological distress. Generalized anxiety disorder encompasses a broader range of anxieties beyond health concerns and isn’t limited to health issues. Lastly, adjustment disorder refers to emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to a specific stressor but is not focused solely on health. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why hypochondriasis accurately captures the characteristics described in the question.